Architecture#

Asya is a Kubernetes-native async actor mesh. All components are designed around one principle: the message knows the way.

Actor Mesh#

Actor Mesh: gateway, queues, actors with independent KEDA scaling, sink/DLQ

Actors communicate through queues. Each message carries its own route. Each actor scales independently via KEDA.

Actor Pod Anatomy#

Actor pod internals: sidecar, runtime, state proxy, gateway interaction

Every actor pod has a sidecar (Go) for queue polling and routing, a runtime (Python) for your handler, and an optional state proxy for virtual persistent memory.

Core Components#

Actor Pod (your workload)#

Each actor pod has two injected containers:

  • Sidecar (Go) — queue polling, envelope routing, retries, progress reporting, metrics
  • Runtime (Python) — loads your handler, executes per envelope, communicates via Unix socket

Your handler sees only dict -> dict. The envelope structure, queue mechanics, and routing are invisible to it.

Gateway (optional)#

The gateway bridges synchronous HTTP with the async mesh:

Mode Audience Endpoints
api External clients /a2a/ (agents), /mcp (tools), /.well-known/agent.json
mesh Sidecars (internal) /mesh (progress, FLY events, final results)

Both modes share a database (PostgreSQL) for task state. The gateway translates between HTTP request/response and the fire-and-forget queue-based mesh.

Crossplane Compositions#

Crossplane manages the declarative lifecycle of actors. Each AsyncActor CRD creates:

  1. Message queue (SQS, RabbitMQ, or Pub/Sub)
  2. Deployment with sidecar + runtime containers rendered inline
  3. KEDA ScaledObject watching queue depth

Deleting an AsyncActor cascades to all three. No orphaned queues.

Crew (system actors)#

Crew actors handle framework-level concerns:

Actor Role
x-sink Persists successful results, reports completion to gateway
x-sump Terminal error collection, metrics, DLQ
x-pause Checkpoints envelope to S3 for human-in-the-loop
x-resume Restores checkpointed envelope, re-injects into mesh

State Proxy (optional)#

The state proxy gives actors virtual persistent memory. Actors read/write /state/... paths using standard file I/O — the proxy translates to S3, GCS, Redis, or NATS KV.

Flow Compiler (build-time tool)#

The flow compiler transforms Python control flow (if/else, while, asyncio.gather) into flat actor execution graphs. Purely additive — generates standard AsyncActor manifests.

Message Flow#

  1. Client sends HTTP request to Gateway (or enqueues directly)
  2. Gateway creates task, injects envelope into first actor's queue
  3. Sidecar consumes envelope from queue
  4. Sidecar forwards payload to Runtime via Unix socket
  5. Runtime executes your handler, returns result
  6. Sidecar advances the route, sends envelope to next actor's queue
  7. Repeat 3-6 for each actor in route.next
  8. x-sink persists final result, reports status to gateway
  9. Gateway delivers result to client (blocking wait or SSE stream)

The core loop: Queue -> Sidecar -> Your Code -> Sidecar -> Next Queue

Deployment Patterns#

AWS (SQS + S3)#

  • Crossplane creates SQS queues via AWS Provider
  • IAM via IRSA or Pod Identity for queue/S3 access
  • Results stored in S3
  • KEDA scales via SQS queue depth metrics
  • See: AWS EKS Guide

GCP (Pub/Sub + GCS)#

  • Crossplane creates Pub/Sub subscriptions via GCP Provider
  • IAM via Workload Identity for Pub/Sub/GCS access
  • Results stored in GCS
  • KEDA scales via Pub/Sub subscription metrics
  • See: GCP GKE Guide

Local / Self-hosted (RabbitMQ + MinIO)#

  • RabbitMQ or LocalStack SQS for transport
  • MinIO (S3-compatible) for storage
  • Username/password auth from K8s secrets
  • See: Quickstart

Protocols#

Motivation Overview